Photo Credit: Jessie Vinje
Goal: Maintain or enhance existing Orcutt's hazardia occurrences to ensure multiple conserved occurrences with self sustaining populations to increase resilience to environmental and demographic stochasticity, maintain genetic diversity, and ensure persistence over the long term (>100 years) in chaparral and coastal sage scrub vegetation communities.
Management units: 6, 7
In 2018, inspect Orcutt's hazardia occurrences on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table) using the regional rare plant IMG monitoring protocol to record abundance and collect habitat and threats covariate data to determine management needs. After 2018, repeat monitoring every 2 years.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Based upon occurrence status and threats, determine management needs including whether routine management or more intensive management is warranted. | on hold | |
| IMP-2 | Submit project metadata, monitoring datasets and management recommendations to the MSP Web Portal. | on hold |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| Surveys Completed Every 2 Years with Management Recommendations | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
Beginning in 2017, conduct routine management actions identified through 2016, 2018 and 2020 IMG monitoring of Orcutt's hazardia occurrences on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Depending on the type and level of threat, management should be conducted as needed, not necessarily every year, and using BMPs with precautions to do no harm.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Perform routine management activities such as protecting occurrences from disturbance through fencing and enforcement and controlling invasive non-native plant species =20% absolute cover. | available for implementation | |
| IMP-2 | Submit project metadata and management data to the MSP Web Portal. | available for implementation |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| Routine Management Completed as Needed Based Upon Monitoring Recommendations | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
In 2017, begin preparing an Orcutt's hazardia section in the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan to preserve genetic diversity and rescue occurrences in case of catastrophic disturbance. The plan should incorporate best science and management practices (Wall 2009, KEW 2016) and recommendations from the 2014 genetic study to provide guidance for collecting and storing seeds over the long term at a permanent, established conservation seed bank (e.g., Institute for Conservation Research Native Plant Seed Bank, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Seed Conservation Program) and for providing a source of seeds for management purposes. The plan should include recommendations for: collecting and storing seeds for conservation banking; management oriented research; rescuing occurrences after catastrophic disturbances; and seed bulking and out-planting to augment extant occurrences or to establish new occurrences with consideration of genetic implications for population sustainability.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRP-1 | Consult the San Diego County Rare Plant Working Group made up of plant ecologists, geneticists, rare plant experts, land managers, restoration practitioners, seed banking and bulking practitioners, wildlife agencies, and other stakeholders to provide input and recommendations for the Orcutt's hazardia section in the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan. | Available for implementation | |
| PRP-2 | Design the seed collection plan to include recommendations to collect seeds over multiple years and several times within a season, accumulate seeds across populations, and to sample among habitats and ecological niches. Include guidelines for collecting and storing seeds along maternal lines and to provide propagules to be used in management experiments, enhancement of existing occurrences, and establishment of new occurrences. | Available for implementation | |
| PRP-3 | The seed collection plan should have guidelines for collecting seeds from occurrences of sufficient size to accommodate harvest. Include provisions for collecting seed from unconserved populations planned for development. | Available for implementation | |
| PRP-4 | Include protocols and guidelines for collecting voucher specimens and submitting to the San Diego Natural History Museum (McEachern et al. 2007). | Available for implementation | |
| PRP-5 | Include guidelines for testing seeds for viability and to obtain information on dormancy and germination rates. | Available for implementation | |
| PRP-6 | Submit project metadata and the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan to MSP Web Portal. | Available for implementation |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2018, Completed Orcutt's Hazardia Section in the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Altered fire regime | ALTFIR |
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
In 2018, begin implementing high priority actions for Orcutt's hazardia in the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan to collect and store seeds at a permanent seed bank and to provide propagules as needed for management oriented research, existing population enhancement and establishment of new occurrences.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Bulk seed at a qualified facility for enhancement, expansion, establishment or transplantation projects using seed from genetically appropriate donor accessions in the propagation seed bank collection. | waiting for precedent action | |
| IMP-2 | Maintain records for collected seed to document donor and receptor sites, collection dates and amounts. Submit seed collection, storage and bulking data to the MSP Web Portal. | waiting for precedent action |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2022, =1 Highest Priority Action Implemented for Orcutt's hazardia from the MSP Seed Banking and Bulking Plan | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Altered fire regime | ALTFIR |
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
In 2017, begin preparing an Orcutt's hazardia section in the MSP Rare Plant Management Plan that prioritizes management actions to maintain or enhance occurrences on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table) based upon an assessment of data on occurrence status, habitat and threats. Minimum criteria for enhancement are to reduce invasive annual nonnative plants and thatch to less than 20% absolute cover within the occurrence
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRP-1 | Consult the San Diego County Rare Plant Working Group made up of plant ecologists, geneticists, rare plant experts, land managers, restoration practitioners, seed banking and bulking practitioners, wildlife agencies, and other stakeholders to provide input and recommendations for the Orcutt's brodiaea section in the MSP Rare Plant Management Plan. | available for implementation | |
| PRP-2 | Develop a conceptual model that identifies management actions to effectively reduce threats to Orcutt's hazardia occurrences. | available for implementation | |
| PRP-3 | Prioritize occurrences for management based upon an assessment of occurrence status, the potential for management to significantly reduce identified threats, and the availability of adjacent suitable habitat for occurrence expansion. | available for implementation | |
| PRP-4 | Develop an implementation plan for Orcutt's hazardia that prioritizes management actions for the next 5 years and details tasks, lead entities, responsibilities, and timelines, budgets. | available for implementation | |
| PRP-5 | Submit project metadata and MSP Rare Plant Management Plan to the MSP Web Portal. | available for implementation |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2018, Completed Orcutt's Hazardia Section in MSP Rare Plant Management Plan | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Altered fire regime | ALTFIR |
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
In 2018, begin implementing highest priority management actions identified for Orcutt's hazardia in the MSP Rare Plant Management Plan.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Submit metadata, management datasets, and report to the MSP Web Portal. | waiting for precedent action |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2022, =1 High Priority Management Action Implemented for Orcutt's Brodiaea from the MSP Rare Plant Management Plan | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Altered fire regime | ALTFIR |
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
In 2018, begin monitoring effectiveness of implementation of highest priority management actions identified in the Orcutt's hazardia section in the MSP Rare Plant Management Plan.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Submit metadata, management effectiveness datasets, analyses, and report to the MSP Web Portal. | waiting for precedent action |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| Effectiveness of High Priority Management Actions Determined | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Altered fire regime | ALTFIR |
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
Conduct a study to determine the population dynamics of Orcutt's hazardia in response to natural and altered fire frequencies that may affect successional processes and population dynamics. The study should begin when the next fire burns an Orcutt's hazardia occurrence to research post-fire recovery mechanisms (e.g., resprouter vs. obligate seeder) and circumstances in which post-fire management is necessary to facilitate robust post-fire recovery of Orcutt's hazardia.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| RES-1 | Submit project metadata, datasets, analyses, and report with management recommendations to the MSP Web Portal. | On hold |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| Orcutt's Hazardia Fire Study Completed and Report Submitted by 5 Years Post Fire | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Altered fire regime | ALTFIR |
|
Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026
From 2014-2026, a Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (MSP Roadmap) monitoring objective for 30 rare plant species is to inspect occurrences to determine management needs. The inspect and manage (IMG) objective is implemented to document the status of rare plant occurrences and assess habitats and threats to develop specific management recommendations. IMG monitoring is implemented by a combination of land managers and contracted biologists in coordination with the SDMMP. Available rare plant data is posted below. New annual updates are typically posted in March. Based upon an evaluation of these data, a 2014-2026 monitoring schedule has been developed for the 30 rare plant species (attached below). Coordinating data collection across the region allows analyses of species and population trends over time and provides a better understanding of the association between habitat and threat covariates and population dynamics.
|
| File name | Lead Author | Year | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Habitat Management Plan for the Kelly Ranch Habitat Conservation Area (2008 -2013) | McConnell, Patrick; Vinje, Jessie; Spiegelberg, Markus | 2008 | report |
| Kelly Ranch Habitat Conservation Area Annual Work Plan October 2010 - September 2011 | McConnell, Patrick | 2010 | report |
| Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2014 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County | San Diego Management and Monitoring Program | 2014 | report |
| Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2015 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County | San Diego Management and Monitoring Program | 2015 | report |
San Diego to Baja California, Mexico[1]. One population in San Diego County, and a limited and declining number of populations in Baja California, Mexico. Historical range is fragmented as the only US population is geographically isolated from the remaining known occurrences in Mexico [2].
Only known extant native occurrence in the U. S. is in MU6 on approximately 2 hectares at the Manchester Conservation Area managed by the Center for Natural Lands Management [2]. Four translocated occurrences in MUs 6 (Rancho La Costa, Kelly Ranch, Manchester Conservation Area) and 7 (San Elijo Lagoon).
CT [3].
Coastal scrub and maritime chaparral [3]. Soils containing H. orcuttii had significantly higher clay, organic matter, total Nitrogen, and moisture content than plots lacking the species [4].
Issues concerning genetic stochasticity are particularly important [2]. At the native site in the US, H. orcuttii exists from a single small population distributed in one area. Recruitment rate may be low and insufficient to provide for the long-term replacement of individuals at this location. H. orcuttii and H. squarrosa var. grindelioides are capable of hybridizing when in close proximity (about 30 m) of each other [1].
Perennial evergreen shrub in the Asteraceae (sunflower family)[3].
Blooms August-October [3].
Only 6 percent of the seeds produced at the native occurrence were viable, while insects or fungal agents damaged approximately 50 percent [4]. There was a very limited soil seed bank observed at MCA.
Habitat at MCA is protected from direct development, though it remains threatened by human impacts from recreation [2]. Impacts include habitat degradation due to pedestrian use, on- and off-leash dogs, and bicycle trails near plants. Insects and fungal agents damaged 95 of the flowers examined in 2006 and 50 percent of the seeds produced [5, cited in 2]. If this persists, pest and fungal agents could be a threat to reproduction and native occurrences. Small populations vulnerable to extirpation by demographic, environmental, and genetic stochasticity, and natural catastrophes. At translocated locations, hybridization with H. squarrosa var. grindelioides could threaten genetic distinctiveness of H. orcuttii [1]. Additional potential threat from alteration of fire regimes [3].
In October 2000, the Encinitas Fire Department cleared habitat at the MCA for training purposes [2]. This was against management guidelines and occurred without CNLM's consent. Some of the previously occupied habitat no longer supports these plants; however, it is unknown how much habitat is no longer suitable. In 2001, RECON Consultants collected seed from the native occurrence at MCA and grew plants in containers until they reached 1 and 2 years of age. Subsets were out-planted at various test sites starting in 2003. The 4 test populations established were (1) northeast mesa at MCA, (2) Rancho La Costa Conservation Area, (3) Kelly Ranch Habitat Conservation Area, and (4) San Elijo Lagoon Ecological Reserve. Since 2007, the number of seedlings on northeastern mesa of MCA has increased significantly, indicating reproduction is occurring and increasing annually. The San Elijo Lagoon population is in decline and seedling recruitment (reproduction) has not been observed.
[1] Washburn, L. 2014. “Genetic Structure of Native and Outplanted Populations of Hazardia Orcuttii ( A . Gray ) Greene in San Diego County Based on ISSRs.” Carlsbad, California.
[2] U.S. Fish and Wildlife. 2012. “U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species Assessment Scientific Name : Rorippa Subumbellata.”
[3] CNPS, Rare Plant Program. 2016. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v8-02). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. http://www.rareplants.cnps.org, accessed 29 August 2016.
[4] Vourlitis, G. L., J. Miller, and K. Coler. 2009. “Soil and Community Characteristics Associated with Hazardia Orcuttii ( Asteraceae ).” Madrono 56 (4): 229–37.
[5] Vourlitis, G. L., J. Kirker, and K. Coler. 2006. “Research for the Management and Conservation of Orcutt’s Hazardia (Hazardia Orcuttii) Final Report. Unpublished Report Prepared for California Department of Fish and Game, Meredith Osborne, Contract Manager. (Contract: PO285014).”