Photo Credit: Kim Roeland, City of San Diego
Photo Credit: Kim Roeland, City of San Diego
Goal: Maintain or enhance existing coast wallflower occurrences and establish new occurrences, as needed, to ensure multiple conserved occurrences with self sustaining populations to increase resilience to environmental and demographic stochasticity, maintain genetic diversity, and improve chances of persistence over the long term (>100 years) in chaparral, coastal bluff, coastal dune and coastal sage scrub vegetation communities.
Management units: 6, 7
Beginning in 2017, inspect occurrences of coast wallflower on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table) using the regional IMG monitoring protocol to record status and to collect habitat and threats covariate data to determine management needs. After 2017, repeat monitoring every 2 years.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Based upon occurrence status and threats, determine management needs including whether routine management or more intensive management is warranted. | some occurrences are in progress | Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026, Demo Tues April 2 - 2019 |
| IMP-2 | Submit project metadata, status, habitat and threats data, and management recommendations to the MSP Web Portal. | some occurrences are in progress | Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026 |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| Surveys Completed in 2017, 2019, and 2021 with Management Recommendations | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 6, 7
Beginning in 2017, conduct routine management actions as identified through the IMG monitoring at coastal wallflower occurrences on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Depending on the type and level of threat, management should be conducted as needed, not necessarily every year, and using BMPs with precautions to do no harm.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| IMP-1 | Perform routine management activities, such as protecting occurrences from disturbance through enforcement and controlling invasive non-native plant species =20% absolute cover. | some occurrences are in progress | |
| IMP-2 | Submit project metadata and management datasets to the MSP Web Portal. | some occurrences are in progress |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| Routine Management Completed as Needed Based Upon Monitoring Recommendations | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 1, 6, 7
In 2019, conduct baseline surveys of historic coast wallflower locations to determine current occurrence status; survey and delineate potentially suitable habitat for new occurrences; survey existing occurrences to identify the potential for enhancement and expansion; and at all sites collect data on occurrence status, habitat and threats covariates and determine management needs.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| SURV-1 | Map suitable habitat based on soils, topography, openings in vegetation communities, and general location for existing occurrence expansion and new occurrence establishment. | On hold | |
| SURV-2 | Submit project metadata, occurrence status, habitat mapping and assessment, and report to the MSP Web Portal. | On hold | Demo Tues April 2 - 2019 |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2020, Surveys and Report Completed | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 1, 6, 7
In 2021, begin preparing a section for coast wallflower in the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan to preserve genetic diversity and rescue occurrences in case of catastrophic disturbance. The plan should incorporate best science and management practices (e.g., Wall 2009; KEW 2016) to provide guidelines for collecting and storing seeds over the long term at a permanent, established conservation seed bank (e.g., Institute for Conservation Research Native Plant Seed Bank, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Seed Conservation Program) and for providing a source of seeds for management purposes. The plan should include recommendations for: collecting and storing seeds to provide source material with consideration of potential genetic consequences; for management oriented research; seed bulking; and out-planting to augment extant occurrences or establish new occurrences.
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRP-1 | Consult the San Diego County Rare Plant Working Group made up of plant ecologists, geneticists, rare plant experts, land managers, restoration practitioners, seed banking and bulking practitioners, wildlife agencies, and other stakeholders to provide input and recommendations for the coast wallflower section in the MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan. | some occurrences are in progress | |
| PRP-2 | Prepare a seed collection plan to collect seeds over multiple years, collect seeds several times within a season, accumulate seeds across populations, and to sample among habitats and ecological niches. Include guidelines for collecting and storing seeds along maternal lines from small occurrences (<1,000 plants) and to provide propagules to be used in management experiments, enhancement of existing occurrences, and establishment of new occurrences. | some occurrences are in progress | |
| PRP-3 | The seed collection plan should include guidelines for collecting seeds from occurrences of sufficient size to accommodate harvest and based on genetic studies as available. Include provisions for collecting seed from unconserved populations planned for development. | some occurrences are in progress | |
| PRP-4 | Include protocols and guidelines for collecting voucher specimens and submitting to the San Diego Natural History Museum (McEachern et al. 2007). | some occurrences are in progress | |
| PRP-5 | Include guidelines for testing seeds for viability and to obtain information on dormancy and germination rates. | some occurrences are in progress | |
| PRP-6 | Submit project metadata and MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan to the MSP Web Portal. | some occurrences are in progress |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2022, Completed Coast Wallflower Section in MSP Seed Collection, Banking and Bulking Plan | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Loss of connectivity | LOSCON |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
Management units: 1, 6, 7
In 2021, begin preparing a section for coast wallflower in the MSP Rare Plant Management Plan that prioritizes management actions to maintain and expand conserved occurrences based upon an assessment of data on occurrence status, habitat and threats. Prioritize management recommendations for re-establishment of historic occurrences or establishment of new occurrences in suitable habitat, as needed, to achieve at least 4 occurrences with self-sustaining populations on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Minimum criteria for enhancement are to reduce invasive annual nonnative plants and thatch to less than 20% absolute cover within the occurrence
| Action | Statement | Action status | Projects |
|---|---|---|---|
| PRP-1 | Prioritize extant occurrences for management based upon "IMG" monitoring data and baseline survey assessments of occurrence size, the potential for management to significantly reduce identified threats, and the availability of adjacent suitable habitat for occurrence expansion. | on hold | |
| PRP-2 | Develop a conceptual model that identifies management actions to effectively reduce threats to coast wallflower occurrences. | on hold | |
| PRP-3 | Identify and prioritize sites for re-establishment of historic occurrences or that appear suitable for establishment of new occurrences. Specify the highest priority sites for establishing occurrences to reach the goal of at least 4 extant occurrences on Conserved Lands. | on hold | |
| PRP-4 | Develop an implementation plan for coast wallflower that prioritizes management actions for the next 5 years and details tasks, lead entities, responsibilities, and timelines, budgets. | on hold | |
| PRP-5 | Submit project metadata and MSP Rare Plant Management Plan to MSP Web Portal. | on hold |
| Criteria | Deadline year |
|---|---|
| By 2022, Completed Coast Wallflower Section in MSP Rare Plant Management Plan | 2021 |
| Threat Name | Threat Code |
|---|---|
| Climate change | CLICHN |
| Human uses of the Preserves | HUMUSE |
| Invasive plants | INVPLA |
| Loss of connectivity | LOSCON |
| Urban development | URBDEV |
|
2021-2026 Rare Plant Regional Discovery Surveys
Starting in 2021, surveys were conducted on suitable habitat on Conserved Lands to document whether historic plant occurrences were extant and to discover new occurrences for rare plant species. The purpose of these surveys is to refine and update the distribution of these plants in the Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan Area. Voucher specimens and photographs are taken for each occurrence. Some species are already part of the Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Program and any new occurrences for these species will be included in future monitoring. In the next update of the Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (2027), species not formerly monitored will be evaluated and potentially added to the Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Program. Botanists surveyed for four rare plant species in 2021: San Diego coastalcreeper (Aphanisma blitoides), Blochman’s dudleya (Dudleya blochmaniae), coast wallflower (Erysimum ammophilum), and Orcutt’s bird’s-beak (Dicranostegia orcuttiana). In 2022, botanists surveyed for: San Diego coastalcreeper (Aphanisma blitoides), Baja California oat grass (Sphenopholis interrupta ssp californica), San Diego ambrosia (Abrosia pumila), Wiggins’ cryptantha (Crytantha wigginsii). In 2023, botanists will survey for five rare plant species: Deane’s milkvetch (Astragalus deanei), Parish brittlescale (Atriplex parishii), Mexican flannelbush (Fremontodendron mexicanum), Jennifer’s monardella (Monardella stoneana ), and small-leaved rose (Rosa minutifolia).
|
|
Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026
From 2014-2026, a Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (MSP Roadmap) monitoring objective for 30 rare plant species is to inspect occurrences to determine management needs. The inspect and manage (IMG) objective is implemented to document the status of rare plant occurrences and assess habitats and threats to develop specific management recommendations. IMG monitoring is implemented by a combination of land managers and contracted biologists in coordination with the SDMMP. Available rare plant data is posted below. New annual updates are typically posted in March. Based upon an evaluation of these data, a 2014-2026 monitoring schedule has been developed for the 30 rare plant species (attached below). Coordinating data collection across the region allows analyses of species and population trends over time and provides a better understanding of the association between habitat and threat covariates and population dynamics.
|
| File name | Lead Author | Year | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2014 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County | San Diego Management and Monitoring Program | 2014 | report |
| Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2015 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County | San Diego Management and Monitoring Program | 2015 | report |
Endemic to California [1]. Reported from San Diego County, Santa Rosa Island, Santa Cruz County, and Monterey County [2].
Within the MSPA, two extant occurrences in MUs 6 and 7 [3]. In MU6, found in east Del Mar at Overlook Park and in MU7, found at Crest Canyon.
None.
Occurs below 60m elevation in sandy areas and openings in maritime chaparral, coastal dunes, and coastal scrub [4]. Reported in eroded dunes away from the existing beachline, and sandy locales in chaparral openings [2]. Locations at Torrey Pines State Park map to Corralitos loamy sand and locations at Camp Pendleton map to Olivenhain cobbly loam.
Originally classified in more widespread and inland species, Erysimum capitatum ssp. capitatum. More recently combined with coastal Santa Cruz and island populations into E. ammophilum [5].
Family Brassicaceae.
Yellow-flowered perennial, blooms February-June [4]. Elsewhere reported as biennial [2].
No information.
Close to extirpation in San Diego County [2].Threatened by development [4]. As with other coastal strand and dune plants, likely to have been adversely affected by coastal development, human disturbance and competition with non-native invasive plants.
[0] 1. Calflora 2012. Calflora: Information on California plants for education, research and conservation, based on data contributed by dozens of public and private institutions and individuals, including the Consortium of Calif. Herbaria. [Calflora]. 2012. Berkeley, California: The Calflora Database a non-profit organization]. Available: http://www.calflora.org/ [Accessed: Aug 29, 2012].2. Reiser, C.H. 1994. Rare plants of San Diego County. Aquafir Press, Imperial Beach, CA. Available online: http://sandiego.sierraclub.org/rareplants/3. MSP-MOM. 2014. Management Strategic Plan Master Occurrence Matrix. http://sdmmp.com/reports_and_products/Reports_Products_MainPage.aspx4. CNPS, Rare Plant Program. 2014. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants [online edition, v8-02]. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. Website http://www.rareplants.cnps.org accessed 16 June 2014].5. Baldwin, B.G., D.H. Goldman, D.J. Keil, R. Patterson and T.J. Rosatti [Eds.]. 2012. The Jepson Manual: Vascular Plants of California, Second Edition, Thoroughly Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. 1,600 pp.