Jennifer's monardella

Basic Information

Common Name: Jennifer's Monardella
Scientific Name: Monardella stoneana
Species Code: MONSTO
Management Category: SL (species at risk of loss)

Species Information

MSP Species Background

Goals and Objectives

Goal: Maintain or enhance existing Jennifer's monardella occurrences to ensure multiple conserved occurrences with self sustaining populations to increase resilience to environmental and demographic stochasticity, maintain genetic diversity, and ensure persistence over the long term (>100 years) in chaparral, riparian forest and scrub, and southern interior cypress forest vegetation communities.

regional and/or local NFO 2019 SL

MON-IMP-IMG MONSTO-1

Management units: 3

Beginning in 2019, inspect Jennifer's monardella occurrences on Conserved Lands in (see occurrence table) using the rare plant IMG regional monitoring protocol to record occupancy abundance and collect covariate data to determine management needs. After 2019, repeat monitoring every 3 years, unless an occurrence faces a high degree of threat, in which case monitor annually.

Action	Statement	Action status	Projects
IMP-1	Based upon occurrence status and threats, determine management needs including whether routine management or more intensive management is warranted.	on hold
IMP-2	Submit project metadata, monitoring datasets and management recommendations to the MSP Web Portal.	on hold

Criteria	Deadline year
Surveys Completed in 2019 with Management Recommendations	2021

Threat Name	Threat Code
Altered fire regime	ALTFIR
Altered hydrology	ALTHYD

Code	Obj. code	Statement
MONSTO-2	MGT-IMP-IMG	Beginning in 2017, conduct routine management actions identified through the IMG monitoring at Jennifer's monardella occurrences in 2016 and 2019 on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Depending on the type and level of threat, management should only be conducted as needed, not necessarily every year, and using BMPs with precautions to do no harm.

local NFO 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 SL

MGT-IMP-IMG MONSTO-2

Management units: 3

Beginning in 2017, conduct routine management actions identified through the IMG monitoring at Jennifer's monardella occurrences in 2016 and 2019 on Conserved Lands (see occurrence table). Depending on the type and level of threat, management should only be conducted as needed, not necessarily every year, and using BMPs with precautions to do no harm.

Action	Statement	Action status	Projects
IMP-1	Perform routine management activities as needed, such as protecting occurrences from disturbance through enforcement and controlling invasive non-native plant species to =20% absolute cover.	available for implementation
IMP-2	Submit project metadata and management data to the MSP web portal	available for implementation

Criteria	Deadline year
Routine Management Completed as Needed Based Upon Monitoring Recommendations	2021

Threat Name	Threat Code
Altered fire regime	ALTFIR
Altered hydrology	ALTHYD

Code	Obj. code	Statement
MONSTO-1	MON-IMP-IMG	Beginning in 2019, inspect Jennifer's monardella occurrences on Conserved Lands in (see occurrence table) using the rare plant IMG regional monitoring protocol to record occupancy abundance and collect covariate data to determine management needs. After 2019, repeat monitoring every 3 years, unless an occurrence faces a high degree of threat, in which case monitor annually.


2021-2026 Rare Plant Regional Discovery Surveys Starting in 2021, surveys were conducted on suitable habitat on Conserved Lands to document whether historic plant occurrences were extant and to discover new occurrences for rare plant species. The purpose of these surveys is to refine and update the distribution of these plants in the Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan Area. Voucher specimens and photographs are taken for each occurrence. Some species are already part of the Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Program and any new occurrences for these species will be included in future monitoring. In the next update of the Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (2027), species not formerly monitored will be evaluated and potentially added to the Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Program. Botanists surveyed for four rare plant species in 2021: San Diego coastalcreeper (Aphanisma blitoides), Blochman’s dudleya (Dudleya blochmaniae), coast wallflower (Erysimum ammophilum), and Orcutt’s bird’s-beak (Dicranostegia orcuttiana). In 2022, botanists surveyed for: San Diego coastalcreeper (Aphanisma blitoides), Baja California oat grass (Sphenopholis interrupta ssp californica), San Diego ambrosia (Abrosia pumila), Wiggins’ cryptantha (Crytantha wigginsii). In 2023, botanists will survey for five rare plant species: Deane’s milkvetch (Astragalus deanei), Parish brittlescale (Atriplex parishii), Mexican flannelbush (Fremontodendron mexicanum), Jennifer’s monardella (Monardella stoneana ), and small-leaved rose (Rosa minutifolia).
Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026 From 2014-2026, a Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (MSP Roadmap) monitoring objective for 30 rare plant species is to inspect occurrences to determine management needs. The inspect and manage (IMG) objective is implemented to document the status of rare plant occurrences and assess habitats and threats to develop specific management recommendations. IMG monitoring is implemented by a combination of land managers and contracted biologists in coordination with the SDMMP. Available rare plant data is posted below. New annual updates are typically posted in March. Based upon an evaluation of these data, a 2014-2026 monitoring schedule has been developed for the 30 rare plant species (attached below). Coordinating data collection across the region allows analyses of species and population trends over time and provides a better understanding of the association between habitat and threat covariates and population dynamics.

2021-2026 Rare Plant Regional Discovery Surveys

Starting in 2021, surveys were conducted on suitable habitat on Conserved Lands to document whether historic plant occurrences were extant and to discover new occurrences for rare plant species. The purpose of these surveys is to refine and update the distribution of these plants in the Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan Area. Voucher specimens and photographs are taken for each occurrence. Some species are already part of the Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Program and any new occurrences for these species will be included in future monitoring. In the next update of the Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (2027), species not formerly monitored will be evaluated and potentially added to the Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Program. Botanists surveyed for four rare plant species in 2021: San Diego coastalcreeper (Aphanisma blitoides), Blochman’s dudleya (Dudleya blochmaniae), coast wallflower (Erysimum ammophilum), and Orcutt’s bird’s-beak (Dicranostegia orcuttiana). In 2022, botanists surveyed for: San Diego coastalcreeper (Aphanisma blitoides), Baja California oat grass (Sphenopholis interrupta ssp californica), San Diego ambrosia (Abrosia pumila), Wiggins’ cryptantha (Crytantha wigginsii). In 2023, botanists will survey for five rare plant species: Deane’s milkvetch (Astragalus deanei), Parish brittlescale (Atriplex parishii), Mexican flannelbush (Fremontodendron mexicanum), Jennifer’s monardella (Monardella stoneana ), and small-leaved rose (Rosa minutifolia).

Rare Plant Inspect and Manage Monitoring 2014-2026

From 2014-2026, a Management and Monitoring Strategic Plan (MSP Roadmap) monitoring objective for 30 rare plant species is to inspect occurrences to determine management needs. The inspect and manage (IMG) objective is implemented to document the status of rare plant occurrences and assess habitats and threats to develop specific management recommendations. IMG monitoring is implemented by a combination of land managers and contracted biologists in coordination with the SDMMP. Available rare plant data is posted below. New annual updates are typically posted in March. Based upon an evaluation of these data, a 2014-2026 monitoring schedule has been developed for the 30 rare plant species (attached below). Coordinating data collection across the region allows analyses of species and population trends over time and provides a better understanding of the association between habitat and threat covariates and population dynamics.

File name	Lead Author	Year	Type
2010-11 Baseline Survey Report for the Northern San Ysidro, McMillin, and Little Cedar Canyon Parcels of the the Otay Ranch Preserve	O'Meara, Cailin; Sundberg, J.R.; Bennett, Anna; Dodero, Mark	2012	report
Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2014 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County	San Diego Management and Monitoring Program	2014	report
Management Strategic Plan (MSP) 2015 Monitoring Protocol for Rare Plant Occurrences on Conserved Lands in Western San Diego County	San Diego Management and Monitoring Program	2015	report

Current Distribution Rangewide

Southwestern peninsular ranges in San Diego and into Baja, California [1,2].

Known Populations in San Diego County

Ten occurrences on Conserved Lands in Mu3 (Marron Valley Mitigation Bank, Otay Ranch Preserve, Otay Lake Cornerstone Lands, Otay Mountain Wilderness Area, Otay Mountain Ecological Reserve, BLM, Marron Valley).

List Status

None [2].

Habitat Affinities

Grows among boulders, stones, and in cracks of the bedrock of intermittent streams in rocky gorges surrounded by coastal sage scrub and chaparral [3]. Elevation range is 10-660 meters. Associated riparian species include Baccharis salicifolia, Bothriochloa barbinodis, Brodiaea orcuttii, Cupressus forbesii, Iva hayesiana, Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii, Mimulus guttatus, Muhlenbergia rigens, and Stemodia durantifolia.

Taxonomy and Genetics

Lamiaceae family [2]. Previously classified as Monardella linoides ssp. viminea, but that subspecies classification was split into Monardella stoneana and Monardella viminea [4].

Life History Demography

M. stoneana often grows together in clumps of 1 to 4 individual plants [4].

Seasonal Phenology

Bloom period is June-September [2]. Seeds mature in late spring and early summer.

Pollination Seed Dispersal

No pollination studies are known to exist for M. stoneana; however, other Monardella taxa are visited by butterfly and bee species [3].

Threats

Increased frequency of fires of all sizes can result in type conversion or invasion of nonnative grasses into chaparral habitats that can choke out shrubs associated with M. stoneana [4]. Megafires can be a particular threat because a single megafire could eliminate a large proportion of individual plants within the extant range of the species. Temporary fire impacts include the death of individual plants; however, it is not considered a threat to the continued existence of the species.

Special Considerations:

Pollinator movement and availability should be considered when assessing likely population distributions and survival, and habitat needs [1]. Can be easily confused with M. viminea [2].

Literature Sources

[1] Sanders, A. C. , M. A. Elvin & M. S. Brunell 2016. Monardella stoneana, in Jepson Flora Project (eds.) Jepson eFlora, http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_IJM.pl?tid=80958, accessed on August 31, 2016.

[2] CNPS, Rare Plant Program. 2016. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants (online edition, v8-02). California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, CA. http://www.rareplants.cnps.org, accessed 31 August 2016.

[3] Elvin, M.A., and A.C. Sanders. 2003. “A New Species of Monardella (Lamiaceae) from Baja California, Mexico, and Southern California, United States.” Novon 13: 425–32.

[4] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2012. “Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revised Endangered Status, Revised Critical Habitat Designation, and Taxonomic Revision for Monardella Linoides Ssp. Viminea.” In Federal Register. Vol. 77.